Why we all need a grandmother in our heads – no tener abuela

No tener abuela is a light hearted comment made by Spanish speakers to someone who is self-congratulatory. It roughly translates to someone without a grandmother to provide the congratulatory praise so they provide it for themselves.

The concept of no tener abuela can be a cultural lens through which we can re-examine the British relationship with ambition and self-worth. In the UK, particularly within working-class communities, there is a long-standing tradition of policing self-praise. Friedman and Laurison’s work is a good primer on this. Phrases such as ‘too big for your boots’ or ‘your head won’t fit through the door’ are often deployed as a means of maintaining humility. Yet, these cautions can inadvertently create a barrier to personal growth, suggesting that acknowledging one’s success is a form of class betrayal or an act of arrogance.

In reality, learning to be self-congratulatory, especially in the absence of a symbolic, doting grandmother to do it for you, is a sophisticated strand of metacognition. It is the practice of stepping outside oneself to objectively evaluate and celebrate an achievement – even if knowing when to articulate those thoughts is yet another cultural norm to navigate.

Moving beyond material evidence

When we discourage children from thinking or saying ‘I smashed it’, we often force them to look elsewhere for evidence of their success. If a child cannot rely on their own internal voice for validation, they inevitably turn to tangible substitutes:

  • Material rewards: stickers, toys, or money.
  • Social validation: digital dopamine from likes and shares.
  • Outcome-bias: only valuing efforts that result in a ‘win’ or a ‘payday’.

By relying solely on these external markers, we risk fostering a purely transactional relationship with effort. If an achievement does not earn anything visible, a child may begin to view the effort itself as valueless.

The power of internalised praise

The reward for playing a brilliant game of football or tennis should not be restricted to the trophy or the praise from the sidelines. The most enduring reward is the ability to reflect and acknowledge one’s own performance: “Well done, I played excellently.” Whether it is writing a short story at school or volunteering for a charity, children should learn to internalise this praise, finding genuine satisfaction in their own efforts. While they must eventually navigate the cultural nuances of how and when to voice this pride to others, the foundational skill is the ability to validate oneself

Teaching children to share these moments with those close to them, not as a boast but as an honest assessment of their own hard work, is a vital social mobility skillset. It provides a buffer against the pervasive fear of overreaching, allowing them to value the process of improvement even when there is no immediate financial or material reward. By learning to articulate their own value, they cultivate a durable sense of self-worth that remains steady, even when external validation from their community is withheld or actively discouraged.

Self-congratulation as a tool for strength

Developing this internal grandmother is not about vanity: it is about becoming stronger. It is an essential component of self-regulation and mental health. When a person can look at their own performance and find satisfaction without needing an audience, they become less susceptible to the fluctuations of public opinion or the addictive pull of short-term rewards.

We should encourage the next generation to embrace a touch of the grandmotherless spirit. If you have done something great, you should be the first person to recognise it. Valuing the things that lead us to reflect, ‘you did great,’ is the surest way to build a life defined by authentic purpose rather than material accumulation.

Why teachers can play classical music in lessons without creating the split attention effect

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Music has long been recognized for its potential to enhance learning environments and cognitive processes. Teachers often incorporate music into their lessons to create a conducive atmosphere for students to focus, engage, and retain information. Classical music, in particular, is a popular choice among teachers due to its calming and stimulating effects on the brain. However, when it comes to playing music with singing during lessons, the dynamics change. An up to the minute study by Sankaran et al. (2024) sheds light on the neural processing of music and speech in the human auditory cortex, providing insights into why teachers may prefer classical music over vocal music in schools for extended writing.

The research conducted by Sankaran et al. delves into how the brain encodes different aspects of melody, such as pitch, pitch-change, and expectation, while listening to Western musical phrases. The study involved recording neurophysiological activity directly from the human auditory cortex using high-density arrays placed over the lateral surface of the cortex. The findings revealed that music-responsive cortical sites, primarily in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG), showed significant responses to music compared to a silent baseline period. This suggests that the brain processes music in a specialised manner, with distinct neural populations encoding various melodic features thus removing the split attention effect.

One key aspect highlighted in the study is the difference in neural responses to music and speech stimuli. While certain regions in the STG selectively respond to music over other sounds like speech, the encoding of higher-order sequence structures in music plays a crucial role in this selectivity. The brain’s sensitivity to the unique acoustic structure of music, particularly in terms of spectral and temporal modulation patterns, influences how music is processed and perceived. This distinction in neural processing between music and speech raises important considerations for teachers when choosing the type of music to play during lessons if they wish to reduce the chance of creating a split attention effect during their lesson.

Classical music, known for its instrumental compositions and lack of vocal lyrics (operatic music aside), offers a rich auditory experience that can positively impact cognitive functions such as focus, memory, and mood. The absence of lyrics in classical music eliminates potential distractions leading to split attention that may arise from processing verbal information while trying to concentrate on academic tasks. Additionally, the complex and structured nature of classical music can enhance cognitive processing and creative thinking, making it an ideal background accompaniment for extended writing (or artwork) during lessons.

On the other hand, music with singing introduces an additional layer of complexity to the auditory experience. The presence of lyrics in vocal music requires the brain to simultaneously process verbal content and musical elements, which can divide attention and potentially interfere with cognitive tasks. The study by Sankaran et al. suggests that the neural processing of speech and music with lyrics may engage overlapping neural circuits, leading to a different cognitive response compared to instrumental music.

In conclusion, the research on the neural encoding of melody in the human auditory cortex provides valuable insights into why teachers may choose classical music over vocal music during lessons. By understanding how the brain processes different types of music, teachers can make informed decisions about the auditory environment in lessons to optimise student learning and engagement. Classical music, with its instrumental compositions and cognitive benefits, remains a preferred choice for creating a conducive learning atmosphere, while music containing singing may introduce additional cognitive demands that could potentially deliver a split attention effect.

This is a blog of the paper Narayan Sankaran et al. (2024), Encoding of melody in the human auditory cortex. Sci. Adv. 10, pp. 1-16. 10.1126/sciadv.adk0010